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Introduction: Primitive data suggest prevalence of PH in patients with COVID19 is around 13% but prognosis is unclear. Approximately 0.5-2% of patients develop CTEPH after acute PE and recommendation is to screen them for CTEPH if remains symptomatic at 3/12 after PE. Aim(s): The primary aim of the study was to assess the chances of persistent PH following PE secondary to COVID19 Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study at a DGH in the UK. All patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and PE between April, 2020 to October, 2021 were examined. Patients were divided into two groups: . COVID19 and PE with co-morbidities(excluding pre existing PH) . COVID19 and PE without co-morbidities We compared the prevalence of pulmonary hypertension between the two groups on cardiac ECHO (defined as a mean pulmonary arterial pressure >= 25mmHg) at the time of diagnosis of PE and at 3 months following treatment. Result(s): 80 patients were included in the study (49 with co-morbidities & 31 with no co-morbidities). Average age of co-morbidities and no comorbidities groups were 73yrs and 70yrs respectively. Average PaO2/FiO2 ratio for comorbidities and no co-morbidities groups were 170 and 195 respectively. 14 patients (13 with co-morbidities & 1 no co-morbidity) died in total. Results showed that relative risk of persistent PH and subsequent mortality following PE in COVID19 is 4.16 times & 1.32 times more in co-morbidties group as compared to no co-morbidties group respectively (p<0.001) Conclusion(s): Patients with co-morbidities are at high risk of persistent PH and mortality due to PE secondary to COVID19 and should be worked up for CTEPH if PH exist on 3/12 ECHO.
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This study sought to identify the most accurate forecasting models for COVID-19-confirmed cases, deaths, and recovered patients in Pakistan. For COVID-19, time series data are available from 16 April to 15 August 2021 from the Ministry of National Health Services Regulation and Coordination's health advice portal. Descriptive as well as time series models, autoregressive integrated moving average, exponential smoothing models (Brown, Holt, and Winters), neural networks, and Error, Trend, Seasonal (ETS) models were applied. The analysis was carried out using the R coding language. The descriptive analysis shows that the average number of confirmed cases, COVID-19-related deaths, and recovered patients reported each day were 2,916, 69.43, and 2,772, respectively. The highest number of COVID-19 confirmed cases and fatalities per day, however, were recorded on April 17, 2021 and April 27, 2021, respectively. ETS (M, N, M), neural network, nonlinear autoregressive (NNAR) (3, 1, 2), and NNAR (8, 1, 4) forecasting models were found to be the best among all other competing models for the reported confirmed cases, deaths, and recovered patients, respectively. COVID-19-confirmed outbreaks, deaths, and recovered patients were predicted to rise on average by around 0.75, 5.08, and 19.11% daily. These statistical results will serve as a guide for disease management and control.
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Background: COVID-19 pandemic has become a big medical problem worldwide. In this era, COVID-19 along with diabetes mellitus are at an increased risk of developing opportunistic infections. This study demonstrate association of COVID-19 infection in patients having uncontrolled diabetes with the fungal osteomyelitis. Subjects and methods: This prospective cross-sectional study was done at a Nishter Institute of Dentistry, Multan. Patients diagnosed with fungal osteomyelitis of jaw bones presented during April to December 2021 were included in this study. Data was collected from the patients regarding history of the disease, clinical diagnosis, imaging findings by plain radiographs and CT scans, histopathology. Association of disease process with diabetes and COVID-19 was analyzed in SPSS. Results: Between the period April 2021 to December 2021, 23 cases presented in Nishter Institute of Dentistry Multan with fungal osteomylitus were diagnosed clinically and fungal organism was identified by immunohistochemical studies by PAS and GMA stains. 22/23 (95.6%) patients were with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus and 18/23(78.2%) gave the history of Covid 19 infection 2 to 3 months before with moderate to severe symptoms.11/23 (47.8%) gave the history of treatment with systemic steroid. Age range was 38-72 years of age with mean age 53.26. 12/23(52.1%) were males and 11/23 (47.8%) were females. 17/23 (73.9%) patients presented with pain in jaws with exposed bone and 6/23(23%) complained of pain and loose teeth in arch. In 22/23 (95.6%) involved jaw was maxilla. In one patient associated medical condition was hepatitis C virus infection also with diabetes. 2 patients were cardiac and 3 were hypertensive along with diabetes. One patient was previously treated with radiotherapy of mandible due to alveolar cancer. Only one (0.04%) patient was non diabetic. She was on chemotherapy for renal cancer. Conclusion: There is increased incidence of fungal osteomyelitis of jaws mostly maxilla in diabetic and COVID-19 infected patients. © 2022 Authors.
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Background: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a highly contagious disease primarily involving the respiratory system. On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization proclaimed COVID-19 a pandemic. One of the important strategies taken to prevent the spread of the disease has been social distancing around the world, Educational institutions have been closed for the safety of both students and communities. Social distancing measures hamper the students' learning process as they are prevented from assembling in laboratories, lecture halls, or small-group rooms and engaging in person with their peers and instructors. Although medical school is an adult schooling experience, the absence of interactive sessions affects not only Medical education but all education curricula that require hands-on experience or internship. The most significant response to the pandemic has been to shift teaching-learning and assessment online. Using standardized patients and facilitators, schools have also attempted to shift clinical learning and teaching. Both professors and students face obstacles when it comes to online teaching, learning, and assessment. Material(s) and Method(s): This was a cross-sectional study conducted at Government Medical College Anantnag, department of Physiology between October 2021 and December 2021 among 240 Medical, Paramedical students and faculty members of GMC Anantnag. A questionnaire was distributed, by means of email to all the faculty members, medical students, and paramedical students. Result(s): The reported challenges to online education during the COVID-19 pandemic at this institution included issues regarding in-person communication (19.5%), use of technology tools (12.5%), experience in online education (16.6%), time management (29.1%), students' evaluations of faculty (24.0%). In addition, we reported that 20% of participants did not have fourth generation internet access. 45% had an unsatisfactory experience with the medical education program and 40% do not have availability of advanced technology. Conclusion(s): COVID-19 has had an impact on many aspects of medical education as well as on medical students. The degree of effect was especially influenced by the type of institution attended. When things return to normal, proper planning and adequate rehabilitation will be needed to mitigate and possibly reverse the effects of COVID-19 on students' health and welfare. Copyright © 2022, Institute of Medico-legal Publication. All rights reserved.
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Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a viral pathogen that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), as a receptor, is crucial for SARS-CoV-2 to get access into the host cells. According to reports, ACE2 is expressed in the liver, placenta, heart, lungs and kidneys. This study sought to gain unique insights into the features of liver indicators in individuals suffering from COVID-19 disease in order to enhance their therapeutic care. The study groups included 50 people diagnosed with COVID-19 infection in the patient's group and 25 healthy people without any systemic diseases in the control group. Human serum samples were used to measure liver function enzymes, CRP, D dimer, and ferritin all samples by using automated quantitative tests. The results revealed a statically significant difference between AST, ALP, TSB, and study groups, where it is found that the mean levels of AST (88.04 +/- 33.00) and ALP (99.61 +/- 41.93) were high in patients than in controls, while the mean levels of TSB were low in patients (0.51 +/- 0.21) than the controls. A significant difference was also obtained for each ferritin, CRP, and D dimer between the study groups, where it found the mean concentrations of D dimer, ferritin and CRP, i.e., 1208.09 +/- 667.32, 60.53 +/- 23.91 and 204.52 +/- 90.62, respectively, were high in the patient's group than in controls.
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Nowadays Internet has become the most prominent source of information for searching the data in health sector for medical purpose fulfillments. However, in this present time this task is like a herculean task by lack of implementation of the proper skill framework and complexities that lies in Computer science and Engineering era. This paper is to computerize the Management of Hospitals to upgrade the software system that is user friendly, cost effective, fast, and simple, and to store and register the patient details and the doctor details. The aim is to develop a processed hospital management system which will upgrade the potency of the service provided to patient's mistreatment and to ensure that the adequate information is available. The information may be retrieved simply as the data will be stored in the database. The information is fully protected for private use and completes the process in less time. © 2021 IEEE.
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Emergence of novel coronavirus-2019 has become an international health concern. The objective of this review is to focus on 2019-nCoV emergence, prophylaxis and to predict the treatment approaches. The first case of 2019-nCoV was noted in Wuhan, China. The WHO has announced this epidemic as pandemic. The 2019-nCoV has +ve ssRNA (29903bp), lipid-bilayer envelope spiked with glycoprotein and bears genome sequences similar to bat coronavirus RaTG13. Antiviral agents like Interferon, Darunavir, Ribavirin, Lopinavir, Remdesivir, Chloroquine and Camostat mesylate may be considered for clinical trials. Chinese herbals may be effective against 2019-nCoV. These include Saikosaponins (triterpene glycosides), Amentoflavone, Scutellarein, Myricetin, extracts of Isatis indigotica, and Houttuynia cordata. Another treatment approach is to administer plasma from COVID-19 recovered patients. RNA vaccines, recombinant vector based vaccine and ACE-2 receptor like molecules may be employed for immunization against COVID-19. Moreover, immunity can be boosted against 2019-nCoV by regular exercise. We have checked Thymoquinone as ligand for various targets of 2019-nCoV (receptor binding domain of spike, RNA polymerase, protease, Nsp9 RNA binding protein, nucleocapsid phosphoprotein, endoribonuclease) by protein-ligand docking server SwissDoc. Thymoquinone can bind effectively to the targets of 2019-nCoV. Hence, it may be an effective candidate for the treatment of COVID-19.
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This paper proposed a conceptual framework and states valid propositions to be tested by future researchers empirically. The framework explicates the moderating effect of self-efficacy between physical activity (PA) and employee’s wellbeing (EW) during COVID-19 pandemic. In line with the Movement Control Order (MCO) announced due to COVID-19 pandemic, all offices throughout Malaysia will be closed and during this period, workers need to work on a work-from-home basis. In conjunction, physical Activity have important consequences for both the quality and length of life but influencing disease outcome. Throughout the current survey in 2019, it shows that workers in Malaysia physically inactive that lead to non-communicable disease (NCD). As employees are the major contributor to economic and social development of a country, this study tends to identify does physical activity influence employees wellbeing. This study suggested to measure the relationship by using the PLS-SEM. Being a conceptual paper, it reviewed scholarly articles on the variables of the past studies related to the physical activity and employee wellbeing. The proposed framework would have several significant implications for understanding, creating awareness and promoting employee wellbeing as well as contributes to existing. © 2020 Ubiquity Press. All rights reserved.
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Unlike the common stress, higher level of strains is a more serious issue since it can strongly affect one's psychological state and behavioural actions. Among these stressors include the workplace stressors which were constantly associated with job dissatisfaction, mental stress and cardiovascular health. The P-E fit theory alluded that the mismatch between the individual and the environment may result in psychological strains, consequently affecting the individual's wellbeing physically and mentally. Hence, psychological strain is regarded as an influential factor on the state of employees' wellbeing. This study aims to investigate the mediating effect of psychological strain on the relationship between Person-Job Fit (PJF) and employees' wellbeing (WB). This cross-sectional study was conducted among employees of participating banks in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Self-reported questionnaires were distributed via an online survey in the first few months of 2020 as part of data collection. The SEM analysis involving the measurement model, structural model and mediation analysis was conducted through PLS-SEM. The finding reveals that the psychological strain has a full, indirect mediating effect on the relationship between the PJF and WB, implying that it is an appropriate mechanism in explaining this relationship. This study sets a new direction for future studies by highlighting the role of psychological strain in predicting health outcomes besides providing the theoretical groundwork for occupational stress research using the P-E fit theory. © 2020 Ubiquity Press. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
Emergence of novel coronavirus-2019 has become an international health concern. The objective of this review is to focus on 2019-nCoV emergence, prophylaxis and to predict the treatment approaches. The first case of 2019-nCoV was noted in Wuhan, China. The WHO has announced this epidemic as pandemic. The 2019-nCoV has +ve ssRNA (29903bp), lipid-bilayer envelope spiked with glycoprotein and bears genome sequences similar to bat coronavirus RaTG13. Antiviral agents like Interferon, Darunavir, Ribavirin, Lopinavir, Remdesivir, Chloroquine and Camostat mesylate may be considered for clinical trials. Chinese herbals may be effective against 2019-nCoV. These include Saikosaponins (triterpene glycosides), Amentoflavone, Scutellarein, Myricetin, extracts of Isatis indigotica, and Houttuynia cordata. Another treatment approach is to administer plasma from COVID-19 recovered patients. RNA vaccines, recombinant vector based vaccine and ACE-2 receptor like molecules may be employed for immunization against COVID-19. Moreover, immunity can be boosted against 2019-nCoV by regular exercise. We have checked Thymoquinone as ligand for various targets of 2019-nCoV (receptor binding domain of spike, RNA polymerase, protease, Nsp9 RNA binding protein, nucleocapsid phosphoprotein, endoribonuclease) by protein-ligand docking server SwissDoc. Thymoquinone can bind effectively to the targets of 2019-nCoV. Hence, it may be an effective candidate for the treatment of COVID-19. © 2020 Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. All rights reserved.